Proto-genes and de novo gene birth

Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis,1, 2, 3 Thomas Rolland,1, 2 Ilan Wapinski,4 Michael A. Calderwood,1, 2 Muhammed A. Yildirim,5 Nicolas Simonis,1, 2, 11 Benoit Charloteaux,1, 2, 6 César A. Hidalgo,7 Justin Barbette,1, 2 Balaji Santhanam,1, 2 Gloria A. Brar,8 Jonathan S. Weissman,8 Aviv Regev,9, 10 Nicolas Thierry-Mieg,3 Michael E. Cusick1, 2 & Marc Vidal1, 2

Novel protein-coding genes can arise either through re-organization of pre-existing genes or de novo1, 2. Processes involving re-organization of pre-existing genes, notably after gene duplication, have been extensively described1, 2. In contrast, de novo gene birth remains poorly understood, mainly because translation of sequences devoid of genes, or ‘non-genic’ sequences, is expected to produce insignificant polypeptides rather than proteins with specific biological functions1, 3, 4, 5, 6. Here we formalize an evolutionary model according to which functional genes evolve de novo through transitory proto-genes4 generated by widespread translational activity in non-genic sequences. Testing this model at the genome scale in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we detect translation of hundreds of short species-specific open reading frames (ORFs) located in non-genic sequences. These translation events seem to provide adaptive potential7, as suggested by their differential regulation upon stress and by signatures of retention by natural selection. In line with our model, we establish that S. cerevisiae ORFs can be placed within an evolutionary continuum ranging from non-genic sequences to genes. We identify ~1,900 candidate proto-genes among S. cerevisiae ORFs and find that de novo gene birth from such a reservoir may be more prevalent than sporadic gene duplication. Our work illustrates that evolution exploits seemingly dispensable sequences to generate adaptive functional innovation.

• 以上资料由西亚试剂：http://www.xiyashiji.com/ 提供此产品的详细信息如密度,含量,分子式,分子量等均可在西亚官网查询   
• 相关产品如诺卡氏菌液(-)-樟脑神经鞘磷脂,从牛脑所得 杨梅苷愈创奥IAPN-叔丁基苯硫腈氯化物4-溴苯基五氟化硫色胺盐酸盐4-溴噻吩-2-甲醛纤维素粉 7-(二甲基氨基)-4-三氟甲基香豆素邻硝基苯肼盐酸盐3,3'-二氨基联苯胺四盐酸盐水合物美伐他汀丁卡因阿卡明全氟辛基季胺碘化物布西拉明硫酸多粘菌素B益母草浸膏黄苓干膏 L-2,3-二氨基丙酸盐酸盐黄糊精EB替代品(GoldView)等均有销售.欢迎订购