A novel miR-155/miR-143 cascade controls glycolysis by regulating hexokinase 2 in breast cancer cells

Shuai Jiang1,2,3,8, Ling-Fei Zhang1,2,3,8, Hong-Wei Zhang4, Song Hu1,2,3, Ming-Hua Lu1,2,3, Sheng Liang5, Biao Li5, Yong Li6, Dangsheng Li7, En-Duo Wang1,3 and Mo-Fang Liu1,2,3

Cancer cells preferentially metabolize glucose through aerobic glycolysis. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is an anomalous characteristic of glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Chronic inflammation is a key promoting factor of tumourigenesis. It remains, however, largely unexplored whether and how pro-tumourigenic inflammation regulates glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Here, we show that pro-inflammatory cytokines promote glycolysis in breast cancer cells, and that the inflammation-induced miR-155 functions as an important mediator in this process. We further show that miR-155 acts to upregulate hexokinase 2 (hk2), through two distinct mechanisms. First, miR-155 promotes hk2 transcription by activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcriptional activator for hk2. Second, via targeting C/EBPβ (a transcriptional activator for mir-143), miR-155 represses mir-143, a negative regulator of hk2, thus resulting in upregulation of hk2 expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miR-155-mediated hk2 upregulation also appears to operate in other types of cancer cells examined. We suggest that the miR-155/miR-143/HK2 axis may represent a common mechanism linking inflammation to the altered metabolism in cancer cells.

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