Genome-wide association study dissects the genetic architecture of oil biosynthesis in maize kernels

Hui Li, Zhiyu Peng, Xiaohong Yang, Weidong Wang, Junjie Fu, Jianhua Wang, Yingjia Han,Yuchao Chai, Tingting Guo, Ning Yang, Jie Liu, Marilyn L Warburton, Yanbing Cheng,Xiaomin Hao, Pan Zhang, Jinyang Zhao, Yunjun Liu, Guoying Wang, Jiansheng Li & Jianbing Yan

Maize kernel oil is a valuable source of nutrition. Here we extensively examine the genetic architecture of maize oil biosynthesis in a genome-wide association study using 1.03 million SNPs characterized in 368 maize inbred lines, including 'high-oil' lines. We identified 74 loci significantly associated with kernel oil concentration and fatty acid composition (P < 1.8 × 10−6), which we subsequently examined using expression quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, linkage mapping and coexpression analysis. More than half of the identified loci localized in mapped QTL intervals, and one-third of the candidate genes were annotated as enzymes in the oil metabolic pathway. The 26 loci associated with oil concentration could explain up to 83% of the phenotypic variation using a simple additive model. Our results provide insights into the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in maize kernels and may facilitate marker-based breeding for oil quantity and quality.

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